“Idiot Nation” by Michael Moore Essay

In the reading â€Å"Idiot Nation† by Michael Moore, he focuses on how the United States is becoming lazier and is being filled with idiots. Moore goes on to explain how our political system, lifestyles, and technology are the reason for our country’s becoming so idiotic. Nevertheless he believes the educational system is suffering the most. The American people as well as politicians are somewhat at fault as they continue to contribute to the regression of our educational system. Moore argues that politicians and the American people have continued to ignore the education system and have prioritized less important issues over future generation’s education. Admittedly I would have to agree by prioritizing less important issues, the education of future generations will continue to suffer. First of all politicians are partly responsible for America’s idiocy. The priorities of our politicians are unacceptable. According to Moore, our political leaders â€Å"ha ve decided it’s a bigger priority to build another bomber then to educate children† (135). As a result any schools throughout the United States have overflowing classrooms, outdated facilities, and below average teachers. Moore as well as myself feels that politicians should change their focus towards education. A focus on education would result in updated schools, structures and teachers. Politicians should always focus on education because today’s students will affect tomorrow’s history and future. Politicians and parents must work together in order to a focus on education. I believe that parents should responsible for maintaining adequate schools. They need to take action and be more involved in the well being of our schools. Instead of expecting politicians to make changes we can take the correct steps for a better educational system. One way we can help is by making libraries up to date and accessible to students. Another way we can help is by making sure students are receiving the correct nutrition from school lunches. Parents can setup their children for success by making sure that they have rested, completed their homework and prepared for school. We need to take action and work together as a whole to improve the education system in America. In order to improve our educ ational system we must be to  solve what’s wrong with it. Today our country seems to focus on technology. Before technology existed, almost everything was done by hand. People had to work hard in their jobs but in the world we live in today they rely on technology to the work for them. We even give children toys such as Ipads, which do not allow them to grow mentally. More says, â€Å"There are forty-four million Americans who cannot read and write above a forth-grade level-in other words, who are illiterates† (122). More and myself feel because we reply so much on technology, the ones paying the consequences our children. They are growing up in an environment where technology allows them to take the easy way out. The environment we allowing our children to grow up in is not only affect their education but their lifestyles. Many teenagers much rather stay update with there social media than reading a book, study, or learn about history. We are given three chances to gain education, in elementary, middle school, high school, and college. Many take part in gaining an education but many not even explore it. These education opportunities are to h elp our nation to become smarter and succeed. The lifestyles of teenagers have leaded them to feel not motivated to learn or do better in life. Another way my education was affected was by budget cuts made my to school. Programs that were offered were no longer available to me or my friends. For example, in the fifth grade our physical education class was cut due to lack of funding. This was something students looked forward too, it allowed us to play and be active. Another way was by our library was cut, so we are stuck with the same books every year. I could see how the lack of new books and physical education was affecting us in and outside the classroom. Moore was right in believing how the United States is becoming lazier and is being filled with idiots. Our political system, lifestyles, and technology are the reason for our country’s becoming so idiotic. In turn our educational system is suffering the most. Schools are no longer a place of personal expression, not allowed to think for them, or even allowed to rock the vote. I feel if we continue on the track we on right now we will ruin the education of tomorrow ’s generation.

What is happening to the Amazon Rainforest

The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world which covers over five and half a million square kilometers. Over half of the Amazon is located in Brazil but also in South American countries; Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Bolivia and Suriname. (Science Kids, 2013). During the past 40 years, 20% of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down, this percentage could be higher but was not put in account due to logging. this causes damage and shows that there is less seen cuts. Scientists says that 20% trees could be lost in the next two decades.  (National Geographic, 1996)The Amazon gets worse and worse every time it is observed. The main cause for this is deforestation. This investigation will show what is happening to the Amazon Region and what could be the management for it. Socially, the main cause for rainforest destruction is deforestation which is done by humans, who are at fault for it. Deforestation is the process of cutting down, damaging and burning a rainforest. Every year an area of a rainforest is cut down and destroyed. The plants and animals that used to live there die or adapt somewhere else.There are many reasons are for wood, agriculture, land for poor farmers, cattle, paper, road construction and extraction of minerals and energy. In 2005 and 2010 the Amazon had the worst droughts ever recorded. Rivers dried up, communities were isolated and land was burned. The smoke interfered with transportation and blocked the formation of rain clouds. This burnt carbon dioxide and worsened the effects in climate change. The flooding of damns and wildfires destroy rainforest and migrants clear the land to keep some for themselves.This shows that people don't really care about how much damage is caused for the rainforest but only about themselves and the things they need to do. (SlideShare, 2013) This affects the rainforest because if people keep damaging the rainforest, there will be no rainforest left. Economically whats h appening the Amazon is mostly because of logging, fires, mining, agriculture, cattle ranching and currency devaluation. The Amazon Rain forest is cleared out to raise cattle and to produce beef, this means that many different species of animals are losing their habitats and this leads to extinction.The human population is growing faster and faster and this means we need more food. The Amazon is society's best way of clearing out cattle to produce food. As the rainforest is losing its ability to stay green because of fires but this means that more trees, plants and parts of the forest are being killed. (SlideShare, 2013) One of the main causes of the rainforest destruction is logging. Many types of wood is used for the furniture, floor, constructions and tropical forests in Africa, Asia and South America.When people buy certain wood products they are usually from the Amazon, this causes destruction of the Amazon Rainforest. Poor farmers in the world rely on clearing rainforest land t o feed their families. Without access to better agriculture land most people burn and clear patches of forest land. Agricultural companies have started clearing more rainforest than before, specially in the amazon where places are converted into soybean farms. Apparently South America will have an area of farmland coming for the Amazon rainforest.This means that it will cause more damage and destruction for the Amazon. (Mongabay. com, 2005). This affects everyone that like specific woods that come from the Amazon, because if tree's keep getting cut down no one will get the furniture, floor or constructions they want. Scientist say 4C rise will kill 85% of the Amazon Rainforest, even small temperate would cause 20-40% within 100 years. Global warming will wreck attempts tom save the Amazon as, there is a prediction one-third of trees are killed by small temperature's rises.  (The Guardian, 2013)This means that climate is a big issue in the Amazon and that it is affecting everything within in. If the climate continues killing the Rainforest, under 300 years the whole Amazon would be destroyed. There are possible strategies for a sustainable management for the Amazon rainforest. These include; Agro-forestry- growing tree's and crops at the same times. This means that farmers can take advantage of shelters from canopy of trees. It will also prevent soil erosion. Selective logging- trees are cut down when they reach are particular height.This allows young trees to have a longer life span. The forest will be fresh fore 30-50 years. Protect particular area's from exploitation. This saves some wildlife and parts of the forest and does not let humans invade on them. Monitoring- use technology/photography to check no illegal activities take place and everything is in order. Afforestation- opposite of deforestation, if tree's are cut they are replace to maintain the canopy. Education – make sure people who explore the Amazon understand their boundaries, actions and consequences. (Bitesize, 2013)

Cornflower Blue Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cornflower Blue Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example With increased demand for herbal products in the current world, competition has been on the rise. Marketing strategy of utilizing technology and advertisement will go a long way in making Cornflower Blue products be known in the entire region (Mennem, 2007). This is through the utilization of e-marketing and advertisement strategies. Every business in the 21st century is exceptionary keen in the choosing a target audience for its product. The embracing of marketing is an aspect of organizational function that will enhance communication, creation and delivery of value to the potential and existing customers (Hulsmann and Feffermann, 2011). This will also help in the management of customer relationships in a manner that will benefit Cornflower and its owners. Marketing is very critical in the sense that it influences the demands for wants of the target clientele through communication of what the organization has to offer the potential and existing customers (Burrow and Bosiljevac, 2012 ). 2. Market segmenting for two, different â€Å"Cornflower Blue’ products and product ranges. Through the utilization of positive perception people has on natural products, it would be imperative to tap on this strong point and develop a new market base from other regions rather than concentrating in Southern England. The information obtained from the customers will help in operation by enhancing what the customer wants from Cornflower Blue (Mennem, 2007). This will be in the target strategic move of coming up with a classic image of their outlets. The market segmentation would be crucial with body care and aromatherapy products being marketed and grouped together alongside the culinary products. This would see the effective and efficient creation and delivery of... Cornflower Blue is a small chain specializing in sale of herbal remedies, herb based body care and aromatherapy products. They also deal in culinary products like chutneys, honey and teas. With an outlet chain currently totaling five retail outlets, it stated as a family shop in the 60s, in Oxford. For effective marketing and realisation of higher sales, Cornflower Blue has to initiate a strategic marketing plan that aims at maximizing the sale by targeting all potential customers. According to Lamb and Hair, marketing is highly crucial towards the boosting of sale with the proper market target and utilization of strategic marketing steps. Shaw argues that any business venture that aims at promoting the sale has cost affiliation, with respect to this; Cornflower Blue will incur marketing costs, which will reflect in the realisation of increased profits. Cornflower Blue has been making its sales effectively but, with the incorporation of marketing strategy; there is prospective achievement that will see more sales and growth of its outlet chains. Marketing has progressively been changing with technology, and the embracing of ICT has resulted to e-marketing that Cornflower Blue can utilize to reach the global market. It is crucial for Cornflower Blue to shift from relying on the traditional mode of the word of mouth for marketing and embrace strategic marketing approaching devised in this plan. This incorporate brand differentiation, promotion and advertisement, marketing, as well as electronic marketing. The main recommendation in this regard would be for Cornflower Blue to launch a website named cornflowerblueworderfulproducts.com to market and distribute its products online. This is inline with being at per with the growing technology and maintaining competition in the growing industry of natural products.

Broken windwo theory in crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Broken windwo theory in crime - Essay Example For instance, in the real life situation, if the governments of the concerned states ensure that they institute proper monitoring policies, the state will have minimal issues to report that would relate to vandalism, since the urban areas are constantly under check. In fact, this is to mean that the number of rising cases of crimes would reduce on a higher rate, resulting in a situation whereby the country would be a more peaceful place prior to the scrutiny processes. With the introduction of the theory in the early 1980s, it is expected that the beneficiaries of the theory have had immense benefits in terms of the restoring sense in the communal sphere, through reduced occurrences of crime. Over the years, it can arguably be justified to make the assumption that the theory has been a motivation to the complete banning of crime in the public, through restructuring of the policies of crime monitoring. Despite the fact that the theory has been debated on its validity and practicality, it is recommended that the positives of the theory be applied. In the real life setting, the theory can be applied by the police taking part in the initiatives to conduct constant patrols in the streets so as to avert implementation of any kind of crimes that might have been planned. The theory can also be applied practically through establishment of community policing programs. With community policing functional in the society, it is obvious that both parties will join forces in ensuring that crime is forestalled collectively. Studies indicate that the tough economic conditions have resulted in a lot of youths indulging in criminal activities. All these can only be handled if the police forces restructure their policies on handling crime in the society. The costs of prevention can indeed not be measured alongside curbing of the effects. In

Individual Write-Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Individual Write-Up - Essay Example The need to have someone with a good experience at this activity reflected in all of us and one can easily understand why while they continue on the journey to the peak of the mountain. The timing was right, the season was one that would encourage climbing and there was limited snow at the time making it very hot and requiring less thick clothes. World animals also less populated the mountain hence eliminating the fears of the wild. The courage of the group members made a whole lot of effort in encouraging the rest of the group and this made the experience both worthwhile and exhilarating though somehow scary. Challenges and perseverance of putting ones hands on the rocks and ensuring their feet grip well on the rocks makes mountain climbing a wonderful experience (Green, n.d). Mountain climbing as an experience made a lot of adventure sense to the writer with less of its experience to boost of; the particular experience was worth trying. The anticipation that grew each day waiting the particular weekend when we were to try out this adventurous activity was filled with anticipation of what to expect and how the day will end. The fear of heights made it more thrilling. As one of the first experiences of heights, the writer had to ensure that they were ready for it before embarking on it. Each day that went by had more and more anticipation grow. Talks of those that had experience and the desires of those without made up the source of anticipation. The desire to beat ones fears and reach places they only though would remain admired but never reached motivated the writer to think of what to expect from the adventure. Many stories surround mountain climbing as an adventure both good and bad stories. These only served to sharpen the desire of the writer to experience this side of life. The anticipation grows more and more each day and only gets to

Prototype Interface Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prototype Interface Design - Coursework Example The paper gives the details of a web browsing interface that will improve and enhance user’s web browsing in three dimensions; through automatically generating a mobile site for browsing, utilization of orientation sensor information to detect text to speech and natural interaction and offering a speech interface to simplify navigation and support iterative task’s dialog programming. The nature of the interface that a cell phone has can be an issue when the user finds it difficult and cannot accomplish a task effectively. User interface design refers to designing of the mobile phone interface with the primary focus on ht user’s interaction and experience. The primary objective of designing a user interface is to come up with the interface that will ensure that the user interact with the device with a lot of simplicity and efficiency in regards to accomplishing a task. Designing a good interface entails ensuring that the interface enables the user to finish the ta sk at hand without any ambiguity. Introduction According to Pew (2010), more that 80% of UK adult citizens has a mobile phone. More than 30 percent of these uses their mobile phones to access and browse the internet. The leading market researcher projects a drastic increase of mobile phone internet users in the next five years. Although different web browser have been standardized such that the user can access information on different platforms on the web, it has not been the case for some phones like unbranded small format keyfob phone. A survy that was carried out on 20 unbranded small format keyfob phone. The key contributing factor includes limited screen size, difficult navigation, finger issues and the ability to switch between different web locations. To facilitate a better user interaction and experience, web site developers have developed web site for mobile phones, which time-consuming and pricy (Bigham, J et al, 2008). Though the web site can be customized to be used by m obile phone browsers, there some features which cannot be effectively displayed in some phone due to navigation difficulties and limited screen size. In addition, the mobile users switch between browsing and other activities. The fat finger problem still becomes an issue when the user is carrying out multiple tasks in the phone. The paper tries to assess the issues that the unbranded small format keyfob phone users face and come up with a prototype web browsing interface that will solve the issues in three dimensions. First, the idea of recreating a website for mobile phones is replaced by developing gadget based interface that automatically transform any web site to fit the mobile phone using the web content. Second, is to solve the issue of lack of focus on the screen or the buttons when walking or driving using audio-to-text mobile comprehension (Vadas et al 2006). A combination of orientation sensor information with text to speech is also proposed to support the need for mobile phone web browser context switching. Third, is a speech interface integration to support dialog programming for repetitive task and ease web navigation. I will design a mobile web browser that will integrate all the above solution for an unbranded small format keyfob phone. A survey on unbranded keyfob phone usage Apart from mobile web browsers, there are other applications that can be used to access

Government accountability office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government accountability office - Essay Example The current goals and objectives of the Department of Defence are: a] To counter terrorism and irregular warfare, b] Deter and defeat aggression, c] Project power despite anti-access & area denial challenges, e] Counter weapons of mass destruction, f] Operate effectively in cyberspace and space, g] Maintain a safe, secure and effective nuclear deterrent, h] Defend the Homeland and provide support to Civil authorities, i] Provide a stabilizing presence, j] Conduct stability and counter-insurgency operations and, k] Conduct humanitarian, disaster relief and other operations. 6. The department is organized as, a] the Office of the Secretary of Defence, b] the Department of the Army, b]the Department of the Navy, c] the Department of the Air Force, d] the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and e] Combat Commands [Africa, Central, European, Northern, Pacific, Southern, Special Operations, Strategic & Transportation ] 2 7. Overall, 3.5 million people work in the Department of Defence, in cluding civilian employees. Navy=322,441 as of April 16, 2013; Army=480,000; Air Force=332,800 8. FY 2012 Budget Expenditures = $729 billion 9. FY 2013 Budget Appropriations = $672.880 billion 10. FY 2014 Budget Request = $613.9 billion 11. Five performance measures of the Department of Defence: 12. The Department currently has job opportunities in 3 broad categories. Active duty, Reserve and Civilian. In the first and second categories, opportunities exist for field operations, combat operations and support operations. Support operations include, administrative, housekeeping, engineering, and training functions. In the civilian category, opportunities exist for a wide range of functions, such as academic, cooking, housekeeping, accounting, maintenance, information management, recreation, logistics, construction, engineering, translating, clerical and administrative. 13. In my opinion, I feel that the Department of Defence is doing a great job and is striving hard to accomplish its mission. Based on the missions and goals of the department in their government reports, the evaluation is given below – One of the primary missions of the Department of Defense (DOD) is to supply military forces necessary to provide security to the country and deterring war. The headquarters of the Department of Defense is located at the Pentagon. The chief policy advisor to the President is the Secretary of Defense, who works in tandem with the Deputy Secretary who exercises authority in all military related matters. Being the world’s biggest employer, they also employ a huge Civilian force comprising of both men and women who are on active duty and serve in the National Guard and the Reserve forces. 3 The mission of the Defense.gov is to lend complete support to uphold the mission of the Department of Defense. Their duty is to provide accurate and timely information regarding the functions and operations, Defense policies and any other information regarding the Depar tment of Defense, and this information, in turn is provided to military members and their families, DoD civilians, the news media, Congress and the general public of America. ‘The protection of the public fiscal is a matter that is of interest to every citizen†. (Brock v. Pierce County, 476 U.S. 253, 262 (1986) A Federal agency has the power to function to the extent authorized by law. Brock v. Pierce Co

Cultural anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural anthropology - Essay Example The two techniques facilitate a society to attain similar quantities of proteins continuously, though gathering one utilizes less energy since it entails collecting edible foodstuffs from the field where the coverage may not be too wide (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). Conversely, hunting entails crossing terrains in search of animals meant for hunting, hence entailing high-energy utilization. However, both gathering and hunting provide the societies with a wide range of selection of proteins even in times of paucity, which maintains high protein outcomes to evade starvation (Park, 2007). Contrastingly, hunting and gathering result in labor specialization among the communities where each task’s allocation depends on the gender. For illustration, men assume hunting task since it encompasses much energy while the women undertake to gather. Nevertheless, some foraging communities have embraced egalitarianism where no certain gender assigned to a given task, hence resulting in a classless society that does not have social stratification. This emanates from the notion that the main objective is to shun extinction of human species via adaptive modus operandi (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). ... This inclines them adoration, thus religion among the foraging societies that are much rooted in nature (Park, 2007). 1. Hutterites’ organizational structure encompasses that of chiefdom. Since their association is more intricate than a tribe or band but less complex than a state. Hutterites comprises of numerous colonies where a leader together with other key advisory associates makes daily decisions. These verdicts entail how the people in the relevant colonies ought to conduct themselves, hence maintaining peace and unity, which is vital in their regions. The colony’s political makeup and demarcations encompass: 1. Colony 2. Gemein – It is a religious unit comprising all baptized adults. 3. Colony’s executive board constituted of at least five to seven el ders. 4. Council members - They are the architects of day-to-day verdicts in the colony for the populace. 5. Head preacher – He is the link to the external humanity besides being the colony’s economic executive. Hutterites' socialization contrary to other surrounding people ensures that it prepares its people to be compliant, hardworking and reliable adults in the colonies (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). This makes the people productive, thus stabilizing their economy and making their organization more strong. Additionally, social control entails absolute adherence to the set rules and punishment for any defiance that may arise among the colonies. The unforgivable cases encompass murdering and deserting the colony, which yield to excommunication from the colony. 2. The search for reliable information regarding the origin and time of modern language has entailed anthropologists to devote themselves to diverse, intensive studies (Nanda & Warms, 2011).

Analysis of the Lyrics of Where is the Love by Black Eyed Peas Term Paper

Analysis of the Lyrics of Where is the Love by Black Eyed Peas - Term Paper Example Hip hop style was mainly popular on the East Coast having been popularized by groups such as The Roots. Given it’s preferences for performing with a live band, the group was mainly considered to be an alternative hip hop group before embracing other musical genres such as RnB, dance and Pop Music exerting a great influence in the music industry in the recent years. Most of their works have had a lot of influence from electronic music which was mainly used on the group’s most recent album, The E.N.D. A bulk of the group’s production is handled by Will.i.am. Despite being formed in 1995, the group rose to prominence in 2003 with their critically acclaimed album, Elephunk. This was the group’s third album and which saw them find an international following as well as achieving massive success from the huge album sales. The group has maintained the spotlight ever since then and according to Nielsen SoundScan, the group has the second best sales for downloaded t racks in the US. The single â€Å"Where is the love?† was released in 2003 as the lead single from their Elephunk album. Upon its release, the single topped charts in thirteen countries across Europe and the US, including in the UK where it remained at number one for seven weeks and went on to be the best selling single in Britain in 2003. The song â€Å"where is the love?† was written by the Black Eyed Peas with significant support from John Fair and Justin Timberlake, who also sun the chorus to the song although he neither appears in the song’s video nor is he acknowledged as a guest artist. Justin Timberlake remained as a â€Å"Ghost writer† for the song because his record company did not want this song to interfere with the sales of his album, Justified, that had just been released. He is rumored to have written the chorus of the song after listening to the song via a phone. The idea for the song came to Will.i.am after he had heard so much about nega tive things in the society such as discrimination, hypocrisy, gang violence, and terrorism. The song has been noted for its social commentary and its positive message, issues with lack in most songs played on the radio these days. The song invites people to critically think about the ills that are happening in the society and urges people to take up more responsibility for their own lives. The lyrics of the song plead for societal healing and speak against misinformation and displaying negative images in the media. â€Å"Where is the love?† addresses issues of social injustice and lack of social cohesion in the American society as a result of racism and discrimination. The song insinuates that the cause of all these negativity in the society is a result of a lack of love among people, hence the question Where is the love? Process The song consists of three verses performed by rappers Will.i.am, Taboo and Apl.de.ap with additional vocals from singer Stacy Ferguson, widely know n by her stage name ‘Fergie’. The song’s hook repeats after every verse and is performed by Fergie. The hook is made up of three parts; the first part begins with the lyrics â€Å"People killin', people dyin', Children hurt and you hear them cryin', Can you practice what you preach, and would you turn the other cheek.†This part talks about violence that has led to many people dying, children becoming victims and also addresses issues

Payment plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Payment plan - Essay Example MFA worked by creating quotas that restricted the competition posed by imports irrespective of the benefits of price considerations (Isenheim, 2007 p6). Quotas helped remove some part of the incentives offered to foreign suppliers unlike quantitative restrictions that totally eliminate prices and costs from the transaction. In essence, the MFA set up quotas that restricted the amount of textile products that each country could export to another per year; when this threshold was reached, they had to wait for another calendar year to resume exporting to those countries under the MFA (Isenheim, 2007 p7). The MFA agreement covered specific products, not only those made from cotton, but also from wool and chemical fibre (Isenheim, 2007 p7). The quotas were provided or created through bilateral trade agreements and their implementation through unilateral measures in the event of â€Å"severe market disruptions or proof of an existing threat thereof† (Isenheim, 2007 p7). Poor developing countries were put in an advantageous position by the MFA since it allowed their products to compete on a level ground with cheap imports from developed countries. Developing countries like Bangladesh, which had readily available cheap labour, were as able to expand its textile industry to a stage where even after the abolishment of MFA, they were hardly affected, and it saw their revenues from the textile industry increase. This was because even after the MFA was done away with, they still had the largest pool of cheap labour compared to developed countries. This applies to all developing countries because they are characterised by the same conditions present in Bangladesh. The economic impact of MFA on developing countries was greater than its effect, in developed countries. The MFA helped developing countries attract substantial foreign investors, in the textile industry, and create millions of job opportunities, which worked

Marketing Exploratory Research Essay Example for Free

Marketing Exploratory Research Essay Researchers employ exploratory research when little is known about the topic and previous theories or ideas do not apply. For example, if you wanted to study how to get students to use the computer lab in a college environment, you might first have to do exploratory research to figure out which students might need the lab and what appeals to this demographic. Exploratory research clarifies problems, gathers data and creates initial hypothesis and theories about subjects. The primary point of exploratory research is to give researchers pertinent information and help them to form initial hypotheses about the subject. Exploratory research is challenging in the sense that it tackles vaguely defined hypothesis and tries to find answers to questions. This kind of research is social in nature and requires some preliminary work in the direction of the research. In fact, sociologist Earl Babbie treats exploratory as the purpose of the research saying this kind of research proves to be useful when the hypothesis has yet not been formed or developed. There are certain basic premises that need to be tested at the start of an exploratory research. With the help of these hypotheses, the researcher hopes to arrive at more generalizations. Exploratory research is a form of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist. Exploratory research often relies on secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. The Internet allows for research methods that are more interactive in nature. For example, RSS feeds efficiently supply researchers with up-to-date information; major search engine search results may be sent by email to researchers by services such as Google Alerts; comprehensive search results are tracked over lengthy periods of time by services such as Google Trends; and websites may be created to attract worldwide feedback on any subject. When the purpose of research is to gain familiarity with a phenomenon or acquire new insight into it in order to formulate a more precise problem or develop hypothesis, the exploratory studies ( also known as formulative research ) come in handy. If the theory happens to be too general or too specific, a hypothesis cannot to be formulated. Therefore a need for an exploratory research is felt to gain experience that will be helpful in formulative relevant hypothesis for more definite investigation Descriptive Research Descriptive research is done with a specific research question in mind. It gives a set view of the subject, population, market segment or problem. An example of descriptive research would be a report that provides an age and gender breakdown of the users of a particular online service. Descriptive research provides research questions, populations or methods of analysis before the research is started. In marketing, it often consists of longitudinal studies, which study the behavior of individuals over time, and cross-sectional studies, which examine many populations at one specific time. As the name implies, a descriptive research is descriptive in nature and gathers statistics, which is later carefully studied to arrive at conclusions. In fact, descriptive research often leads to formulation of hypothesis as collation and analysis of data produces conclusions that form the basis of another research. So, if there is a research about the use of alcohol among teenagers, it typically begins with collection of data that is descriptive in nature and lets people know the age and drinking habits of students. Descriptive research is helpful for calculations and to arrive at statistical tools such as median, averages, and frequencies. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. However, it does not answer questions about e.g.: how/when/why the characteristics occurred, which is done under analytic research. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Thus, Descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. Observational Method With the observational method (sometimes referred to as field observation) animal and human behavior is closely observed. There are two main categories of the observational method — naturalistic observation and laboratory observation. The biggest advantage of the naturalistic method of research is that researchers view participants in their natural environments. This leads to greater ecological validity than laboratory observation, proponents say. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which research can be used in real-life situations. Proponents of laboratory observation often suggest that due to more control in the laboratory, the results found when using laboratory observation are more meaningful than those obtained with naturalistic observation. Laboratory observations are usually less time-consuming and cheaper than naturalistic observations. Of course, both naturalistic and laboratory observation are important in regard to the advancement of scientific knowledge. Case Study Method Case study research involves an in-depth study of an individual or group of indviduals. Case studies often lead to testable hypotheses and allow us to study rare phenomena. Case studies should not be used to determine cause and effect, and they have limited use for making accurate predictions. There are two serious problems with case studies — expectancy effects and atypical individuals. Expectancy effects include the experimenter’s underlying biases that might affect the actions taken while conducting research. These biases can lead to misrepresenting participants’ descriptions. Describing atypical individuals may lead to poor generalizations and detract from external validity. Survey Method Survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend. What is the difference between Descriptive and Exploratory Research? †¢ Descriptive research, being quantitative in nature, is restrictive in terms of open ended questions, which can be better answered using exploratory research. †¢ Flexibility of design is offered by exploratory research more than by descriptive research. †¢ Descriptive research is used more to arrive at statistical tools such as mean, average, median and frequency. On the other hand, exploratory research allows the researcher to develop designs that are more qualitative in nature. †¢ The amount of information known to the researcher at the start of the research plays an important role in deciding upon the type of research. With only vague ideas in the minds of the researcher, it is better to go for exploratory design. On the other hand, more information such as quantitative data allows a researcher to go for descriptive research that leads to unearthing causal relationships. †¢ Exploratory research needs to be conducted first to have a platform that allows for collation of data required in descriptive research.

Time pressure on ambulance drivers Essay Example for Free

Time pressure on ambulance drivers Essay Ambulance drivers are required to make decisions on which route to follow under time constraints because every second is counted to save a life. Timmons, 2007 indicated that â€Å"Decision makers are susceptible to cognitive biases when operating under stress, i. e. , high workload, time pressure, and information ambiguity†, pp4. A cognitive bias is defined by Haselton et al. (2005) as the tendency to search for information and alternatives that prove their preconceptions and to discount information that disproves their preconceptions. Kowalski-Trakofler et al. (2003) carried a study to discuss human judgement and decision making under stress. The authors selected recent literatures and carried out a field work to discuss the affect of stress on emergency responders. They examined coping with stress under time constrains on expert emergency teams. It was concluded from this research that â€Å"stress restricts cue sampling, decreases vigilance, reduces the capacity of working memory, causes premature closure in evaluating alternative options, and results in task shedding†, ( Kowalski-Trakofler et al. 2003, p282). They have mentioned a study that identifies emergency decision makers’ behaviours under stress. This study concluded that these people under stress â€Å"not only have the effects of their own stress response and its resulting consequences, the information they must base their judgments on is often unclear, faulty and incomplete†, p. 283. The over all conclusion of this study was that the stress under time pressure narrows the decision maker focus whether working individually or in groups Impact of traffic congestion on response time: 2. 7 Shortest path algorithm Shortest paths’ calculations are unavoidable in road network analysis applications including emergency medical services such as ambulance navigation systems, (Liang, 2005). The shortest path (or minimum weight path) is defined as calculating the least total distance weight or least time weight paths between two locations (Derekenaris et al. , 2000). The quickness of calculating the shortest route for EMS is essential to reduce the respond time needed to route the ambulance vehicles from the dispatch location to the incident scenes (Liang, 2005). Liang pointed out that the problem arises when finding the shortest routes in big urban cities which contain huge road networks that are associated with massive amount of real world roads information(such as traffic information, name of roads, etc) and associated with the available capabilities of the hardware for example the amount of memory used to run this algorithm. Engineer (2001) considered two systems that controls and calculate the shortest routes in EMS. First, a centralised system which runs by ambulance control centre personnel, while the other system is called decentralised system in which the shortest path is calculated on board of the vehicles and this system is usually have limited memory and storage capabilities. He mentioned that an optimal algorithm to find the shortest path in less time is essential especially for decartelised system Zhan and Noon (1998) distinguished three types of shortest path algorithms which are single pair, single source and all pairs shortest paths algorithms. Single pair calculates the shortest path between two points in a network, while single source algorithm calculates the shortest path from a point to all other points in a network and finally the all pairs algorithm calculates the shortest path between every pair of points. Borri Cera (2005) explained single pair shortest path algorithm by assigning a first point and second one on a road network. It is possible to calculate the shortest distance between these points by minimising the value of distance linked with each point on the network (also known as impedance) taking into consideration that the a distance variable is associated with each point on the network. They also pointed out that the shortest path can be calculated according to different variable rather than distance one, such as â€Å"time or monetary cost†, pp 954. There are many algorithms for solving shortest paths which have been formulated over the years as a result of different research studies in different fields such as geography, computer sciences and transportations (Goldberg Radzik, 1993). However, there are three main used algorithms, which are Dijkstras algorithm, Restricted Search Algorithm and A* Search algorithm. ArcView Network Analyst extension uses a modified Dijkstar’s algorithm that does not only finds the shortest path from one point not another but also it was built to facilitate quick access to the topology of the network data (ESRI help, 1992). In addition, the modification includes a custom memory to manage and deal with very large networks.

Authority As Reflected In Antigone English Literature Essay

Authority As Reflected In Antigone English Literature Essay In comparing the classical plays Antigone and The Inspector General I propose to examine the concept of authority meaning sovereign, arbiter in relation to a, or in conflict with a character representing law of natural justice personifying moral authority in the two different periods and societies of human civilization, the ancient City of Thebes and a typical provincial Russian town. The two plays are more than two millennia apart; one is a tragedy while the other is comical. Both the plays, in their unique ways reflect the ruling authority and the moral order of their times. Antigone true to her name as the one who goes against defies the authority of a despotic ruler Creon. She acts based on her conviction that the laws of right and wrong are to be obeyed above the authority of a sovereign. If in defiance of the law we cross a monarchs will? Weak women, think of that, not framed by nature to contend with men. Remember this is too that the stronger rules; we must obey ordersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. says Ismene, the response of Antigone is, I shall abide forever the eternal laws of Heaven. Ismene and Antigone represent diametrically opposed characters, one of passive submission and the other of courage. Creon is obsessive in his concern for order and defense of the City of Thebes, convinced that absolute and unchallenged power alone can protect his kingdom and its laws. In his world nothing and nobody is above the State. The issue of natural justice and moral principles do not exist in his rulebook. In the pursuit of his power to enforce the laws of the kingdo m he is merciless and dictatorial. The obsessive concern for the laws of Thebes to be observed by everyone for its survival makes him highly insecure; he is frightened by any kind of challenge to his authority real or imaginary. My guards have been bribed, men in the city have been muttering against me. Sophocles dexterously uses the chorus in the play Antigone partly as a narrator. On the other hand in Gogols play the broad landscape of the nineteenth century Russia, radically different from a small city state of Thebes, is described through the life of an anonymous provincial town. If, for Creon bribes were the worst evil, in The Inspector General bribery is a way of life, Dont graft higher than your rank sounds like a statement of virtue. The Russian Tsar presiding over the largest landlocked kingdom on Earth wielded unchallenged and absolute power. His dictatorial writ in the vast land of Russia is implemented through an elaborate bureaucratic structure where a towns governor is the despotic authority, ruling his fief in collaboration with other equally corrupt functionaries like a judge, police, hospital head and even charitable organizations in the town are in sync with the corrupt system. If Creon speaks with contempt for a woman, Speak, girl, with head bent low and downcast eyes, does thou plead guilty or deny the deed? Gogols governor is a vulgar and funny caricature, though tragic for the society. In those two weeks I have flogged the wife of a non commissioned officer, the prisoners were not given their rations, the streets are dirty as a pothouse a scandal, a disgrace! exclaims the governor in a rare moment of silent introspection. While Creon is scared of any challenge to his authority, more so if it comes from a woman, the governor of Gogol is a woman beater, disdainful of women in general, To say women and enoughs said. Everything is froth and bubble to you. The worst you would get would be a flogging; but it means ruination to the husband. Creons sentry displays wisdom greater than his master. He says that a wrong judgment by a person in power is disastrous for the society. Such a sentrys equivalents for the Russian Governor are Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky. They are totally servile and spineless creatures, even more stupid than the Governor himself. Their greatest ambition is to be mentioned to the Tsar, I beg your highness or your Excellency most worshipfully, when you get back to St. Petersburg, please tell all the high personages there, if you should happen to speak to the Tsar, then tell him too, Piotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in this town. Creon is convinced that punishment for disobeying his authority should be severe and exemplary There is nothing worse than disobedience to authority. In Gogols world of the authority each official, be it the governor or the postmaster lives in eternal fear of the central authority in the Capital of Russia. At the same time the powers delegated under the Tsarist absolute rule are manipulated and misused by them for their own individual benefits. Their apathy is tragically comic. The caricature and tragedy of this absolute power is reflected in the personages of the governor and his team on the one hand and Khlestakov on the other. Khlestakov boastfully holds forth to his frightened audience of the all powerful town authority, Even the Imperial Council is afraid of me. I dont spare anybody. I am everywhere, everywhere. The great authority trembles at his empty words. The eternal conflict between the right and wrong is reflected broadly in every great classic of the World be it, Antigone with its highly dramatic conflict between the rules of the State on the one hand and the center of moral authority on the other as reflected in the powerful character of a vulnerable young woman who throws a challenge to the kings orders Whoeer transgresses shall be stoned to death. However, Antigones conviction is mightier than Creons authority The immutable unwritten laws of Heaven. They were not born today nor yesterday; they die not; and none knoweth whence they sprang. I was not like, who feared no mortals frown to disobey these laws and so provoke the wrath of Heaven. I knew that I must dieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The impotent anger of the sovereign Creon the greatest authority in the kingdom is expressed in his reaction to Antigones revolt Now if she thus can flout authority, unpunished, I am woman, she the man. Gogol was a supporter of the Tsarist order. It is the monarch who generates love towards himself and he alone can reconcile all classes and turn the nation into a harmonious orchestra. Thus, the Tsar is Gods earthly image and representative. wrote Gogol. How he described the life of Russia under the Tsarist order, in effect is in contradiction with his belief in the Tsars authority. His Governor is far from being Gods image on the Earth who rules with total contempt, not only for women, but for all citizens. He is corrupt to the marrow of his bones and his fear results in stupidity. The conditions in the court, school and hospital underline moral bankruptcy of the Tsarist authority. The insecurity of the powers that be leads them to become subservient to a young twenty three year old crook, Khlestakov. This is in deep contrast with the conflict depicted by Sophocles. The two plays not only belong to different ages and civilizations, one is a tragedy in form, while the other is a del ightful satire. No civil society can do without an active rule of law and authority, at the same time, a dictatorial rule destroys the foundation of a civil society. The ruler of Thebes lives in fear of his authority being sabotaged. Whereas in the vast Russian empire, the Governor of the town, exercising dictatorial powers lives in morbid fear of being exposed in his corrupt ways and losing his authority. In Gogols The Inspector General there is no Antigone to challenge the authority of the state and assert moral authority. Gogol uses satire and achieves the same result in depicting bankruptcy of immoral State power as Sophocles did though depicting a tragic conflict. Word Count Æ’Â   1,308 Words

Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Hemmingway’s Influence Ernest Hemmingway is one of the greatest writers of all time. Like many great authors he was influenced by the world in which he lived. The environment that surrounded him influenced Hemmingway. These included such things as serving in the war and living in post war areas where people went to forget about the war. Another influence on his writings was his hobbies. He loved the great outdoors. He spent a lot of his time deep sea fishing and enjoying bull fighting. These influences had an impact on Hemmingway and they were expressed in his writing. Ernest Hemmingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, on July 21, 1899. Early in his life Hemmingway expressed a strong interest in the outdoors. He started fishing and hunting with his father very early. Hemmingway was educated in the public schools and as soon as he completed high school he started working for the Kansas City Star. After several years of working for them he moved to Spain. Here he became an ambulance driver and infantryman in World War II. He was also a war correspondent during the Spanish Civil War. During the war he was one of the first wounded. He was shot in the knee and spent a while in a hospital in Milan, Italy. Here he met Agnes, a nurse, and fell in love with here but she didn’t love him and he was deeply hurt by this. Then he went to France and spent several years there as a correspondent for the Toronto Star. It was here he that began his serious writing career. After that Hemmingway moved to Spain. It was here that he developed a love for bullfightin g. He spent day after day watching the fighters. He even decided to try it for a short time but wasn’t very successful. He realized that by watching and writing he could express the art of bullfighting to everyone. After this Hemmingway moved to Cuba and became a deep-sea fisherman. He spent all day out on the sea and often went out just to be on the ocean. Hemmingway was very successful at fishing and loved the way of life in Cuba. Hemmingway then decided to take up deep big game hunting in Africa. This to he was very successful at and became a world-renowned hunter. After this he moved back to the states and spent a couple more years writing.

Interpretation Alternatives of Shakespeares The Tempest Essay

Interpretation Alternatives of The Tempest      Ã‚   A production of The Tempest should emphasize the idealized methods in which Prospero uses magic to solve the problem of revenge which is so prevalent throughout his tragedies, perhaps the production might be a direct allegory for the magic of the theatre itself.     In this conception of the play, the scattering and bringing together of the characters in the script is significant in that theatre also could be said to bring people together and allow them to share in an experience of emotion, magic, and finally, of resolution. In this way the production could be used as a vehicle for conveying the idealistic virtues of forgiveness, compassion, and of course knowledge. In his book, A Buddhist's Shakespeare, James Howe draws attention to Prospero's epilogue saying, "In his epilogue this master, Shakespeare, has the character Prospero ask us, the audience, to confirm our collusion with both the master and his creature. Indeed the two relationships are reciprocal. We are asked to release Prospero from our "spell" by "prayer." Becoming white magicians, offering a supplication to God, we reenact the righteousness of Prospero's power, and thus confirm it. This confirmation, in turn, acknowledge's the power of Shakespeare's play to transform us into Prospero's image. We are not only to be consciously complicit in Prospero's character and action, but also to be fully aware of their author." (191) It seems to me that this final transformation in the audience is a very worthy goal to strive for in a production of this play. While being entertained by the magic and splendor of the production itself, I think it is possible for an audience to also be aware of the inherent ideals in the s... ...d truth in the story. While this would clearly be the most problematic interpretation of the script, perhaps it would also be the most effective by far for a modern audience which does not enjoy being preached at or having their truth force-fed to them in a boring, easily-understood, linear manner. Works Cited Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare, The Playwright Praeger Publishers. Westport CT. 1996 Charney, Maurice. "Bad" Shakespeare Associated Univeristy Press. London, England. 1996 Howe, James. A Buddhist's Shakespeare Associated University Press. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. 1994 Hylton, Jeremy. Complete Works of WilliamShakespeare, Oct 4, 1999. Massachusetts Institute of Technology <http://tech-two.mit.edu/Shakespeare/works.html> Kathman, Dave. Dating The Tempest Personal site <http://www.clark.net/pub/tross/ws/tempest.html>    Interpretation Alternatives of Shakespeare's The Tempest Essay Interpretation Alternatives of The Tempest      Ã‚   A production of The Tempest should emphasize the idealized methods in which Prospero uses magic to solve the problem of revenge which is so prevalent throughout his tragedies, perhaps the production might be a direct allegory for the magic of the theatre itself.     In this conception of the play, the scattering and bringing together of the characters in the script is significant in that theatre also could be said to bring people together and allow them to share in an experience of emotion, magic, and finally, of resolution. In this way the production could be used as a vehicle for conveying the idealistic virtues of forgiveness, compassion, and of course knowledge. In his book, A Buddhist's Shakespeare, James Howe draws attention to Prospero's epilogue saying, "In his epilogue this master, Shakespeare, has the character Prospero ask us, the audience, to confirm our collusion with both the master and his creature. Indeed the two relationships are reciprocal. We are asked to release Prospero from our "spell" by "prayer." Becoming white magicians, offering a supplication to God, we reenact the righteousness of Prospero's power, and thus confirm it. This confirmation, in turn, acknowledge's the power of Shakespeare's play to transform us into Prospero's image. We are not only to be consciously complicit in Prospero's character and action, but also to be fully aware of their author." (191) It seems to me that this final transformation in the audience is a very worthy goal to strive for in a production of this play. While being entertained by the magic and splendor of the production itself, I think it is possible for an audience to also be aware of the inherent ideals in the s... ...d truth in the story. While this would clearly be the most problematic interpretation of the script, perhaps it would also be the most effective by far for a modern audience which does not enjoy being preached at or having their truth force-fed to them in a boring, easily-understood, linear manner. Works Cited Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare, The Playwright Praeger Publishers. Westport CT. 1996 Charney, Maurice. "Bad" Shakespeare Associated Univeristy Press. London, England. 1996 Howe, James. A Buddhist's Shakespeare Associated University Press. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. 1994 Hylton, Jeremy. Complete Works of WilliamShakespeare, Oct 4, 1999. Massachusetts Institute of Technology <http://tech-two.mit.edu/Shakespeare/works.html> Kathman, Dave. Dating The Tempest Personal site <http://www.clark.net/pub/tross/ws/tempest.html>   

Personal Narrative: Negative Changes in my Dad :: essays research papers

He makes me feel like I am like none-other, but not in a respectable manner. I remember his eyes, lifeless and dark. His smile had a revengeful look upon it, his canine teeth set in his mouth as if her were a vampire. His heart was cold and full of hate. I remember some of the memories as if they were yesterday. His words would cut me through me faster and deeper then any scalpel could. He smelled of cigarettes and coffee on a daily basis, but tried to always cover the smell with the horrendous Brut cologne. It seems clichà © but all I remember is all the bad, none of the good. I remember the late night fights. All I did was sit in the corner of my plain room. Staring at my plain room that only consisted of a dresser that stood up to my chest, and a twin size squeaky bed. My covers were pink and right above and to the left of the bed, in the corner of the ceiling draped a net filled with my stuffed animals. I would sit and think, trying to drown out the screaming. The words of hate were thrown like daggers from dad to mom. I remember hearing the thundering of mom going down the stairs, but it was not by her own will. I remember hearing the screams of â€Å"I hate you† being yelled at dad, and the yelling of â€Å"You cheated, and you were caught, just admit to it damn it!† I remember when we moved for the second time, the fighting progressively got worse. My mom gave my dad chances to come clean, and to be sorry, but the day where he would say â€Å"I am sorry† never came. My dad left July 4th, 2005 while I was away in New York and it wasn’t until I arrived that my parents told my brother and I that they were going to get a divorce. We were in my dinning room, my chair faced the bookshelf walls, to which I would spend all of dinner time staring at the picture of my grandfather’s picture. We ate meatloaf and mashed potatoes, and corn and green beans. The meatloaf hat tomato paste drooping on top, with sliced onions backed into the paste, the potatoes had sour cream in them to make them smooth. The corn lightly dusted with black pepper setting in a buttery sauce, while the green beans were simple and out of the can.

Rabindranadha Tagor, Gitanjali Essay

(Gitanjoli) is a collection of 103 English poems, largely translations, by the Bengali poet Rabindranadha Tagore This volume became very famous in the West, and was widely translated. Gitanjali (Gitanjoli) is also the title of an earlier Bengali volume (1910) of mostly devotional songs. The word gitanjoli is a composed from â€Å"git†, song, and â€Å"anjoli†, offering, and thus means – â€Å"An offering of songs†; but the word for offering, anjoli, has a strong devotional connotation, so the title may also be interpreted as â€Å"prayer offering of song†. The English collection is not a translation of poems from the Bengali volume of the same name. While half the poems (52 out of 103) in the English text were selected from the Bengali volume, others were taken from these works (given with year and number of songs selected for the English text): Gitimallo (1914,17), Noibeddo (1901,15), Khea (1906,11) and a handful from other works. The translations were often radical, leaving out or altering large chunks of the poem and in one instance even fusing two separate poems (song 95, which unifies songs 89,90 of naivedya). The translations were undertaken prior to a visit to England in 1912, where the poems were extremely well received. A slender volume was published in 1913 with an exhilarating preface by W B Yeats and in the same year, based on a corpus of three thin translations, Rabindranath became the first non-European to win the Nobel price for Literature. Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of truth; Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit†¦ Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. This is the vision that the poet had for the India of his dreams†¦ Gitanjali is a song of offering to the motherland (India), and to the deity that reigns upon the land. At times, it seems the poet has personalized the divinity in the form of a person; at other times he refers to the divinity in the abstract. Though the poetry is beautiful and evocative of nature, it is at times disjointed. The common thread that binds the poem is the relationship between the singer and the object of his adoration. Like most poetry, this song too is introspective as the poet seeks to come to terms with his dreams. This song is more akin to a mosaic than a painting – the key to understanding this song is that the poet has interwoven number of (un) related themes together. Rabindranath Tagore – India’s first Nobel laureate – was a poet, playwright, artist and composer. In fact, he translated many of his works from the original Bengali. Besides ‘Gitanjali’, he is also best known for two songs: ‘Amar Shonar Bangla’ and ‘Jana Mana Gana’, which are the national anthems of Bangladesh and India respectively. But Tagore is loved as much for his music (Rabindra Sangeet) as for his poetry. In fact, the two are inseparable and deeply intertwined in popular Bengali consciousness. He was also a leading light in India’s freedom movement, though his leadership was more of a moral (rather than political) nature. Last – but not least – Rabindranath Tagore was also an educationist, and founded the famous school at Shantiniketan (or abode of peace). The school was later expanded into a University. Rabindranath Tagore believed that learning should best be imparted in a natural environment. Some of the leading laureates of the school include Indira Gandhi, Satyajit Ray and Amartya Sen. â€Å"Gitanjali† is a collection of prose poems by Indian author Rabindranath Tagore. The Dover Thrift Edition contains an introductory note on the life of Tagore, who lived from 1861 to 1941. According to this note, Tagore, who wrote poetry in Bengali, translated â€Å"Gitanjali† himself into English. The Dover edition also contains a 1912 introduction by William Butler Yeats. This English version of â€Å"Gitanjali† is a series of prose poems that reflect on the interrelationships among the poet/speaker, the deity, and the world. Although Tagore had a Hindu background, the spirituality of this book is generally expressed in universal terms; I could imagine a Christian, a Buddhist, a Muslim, or an adherent of another tradition finding much in this book that would resonate with him or her. The language in this book is often very beautiful. The imagery includes flowers, bird songs, clouds, the sun, etc. ; one line about â€Å"the riotous excess of the grass† reminded me of Walt Whitman. Tagore’s language is sensuous and sometimes embraces paradox. Like Whitman and Emily Dickinson, he sometimes seems to be resisting traditional religion and prophetically looking towards a new spirituality. A sample of Tagore’s style: â€Å"I surely know the hundred petals of a lotus will not remain closed for ever and the secret recess of its honey will be bared† (from section #98). As companion texts for this mystical volume I would recommend Jack Kerouac’s â€Å"The Scripture of the Golden Eternity† and Juan Mascaro’s translation of the Dhammapada.

Comparison of the Guggenheim Museum, New York and the National Gallery, London

using the Physical, Economic, Socio- cultural -political and Technological Contexts of Building attack drag and analyze the Guggenheim museum in brisk York intentional by Frank Lloyd W righteousness in comp are with the depicted object G on the wholeery in capital of the bring inulate to deliverher tabbydom by William Wilkins.Throughout biography, galleries have exhi daubed seminal architectural signifier at its best. In fact the architecture of m either galleries stooge be considered to be a raise of trick itself. twain the Guggenheim Museum in nakedfound York, intentional by Frank Lloyd Wright and the content Gallery in capital of the United Kingdom, designed by William Wilkins, are indispensable winds in architectural history. Despite being stylistically in resistance the aim of both these plaits is to go adult male s inseparable originative accomplishments. By comparing and severalise their economic, cultural, political and historical fortunes, I leave analyze the architectural similarities and differences amidst the subject field Gallery, a gallery of the nineteenth ampere-second and the Guggenheim, a gallery of the twentieth century.The national Gallery and the Guggenheim museum were designed and built in several cultural conditions that immensely influenced their reading and building. The art and civilization of 1960 s smart York was blossoming into a period of favorable Modernism and Minimalism. The Guggenheim Museum pays a brilliant get of the architectural looks of its epoch with it s snail- like out(prenominal) and gyrate melt wrong ( Wilkinson 2009 ) . The Guggenheim separated itself from New York s conventional occasionions of skyscrapers and brownst unitys, of consecutive avenues and rectangular urban center blocks, this is a turn of events based on circles and spirals ( Wilkinson 2009 ) . The Guggenheim museum was built to house the Guggenheim aggregation and was designed to be an iconic museum unlik e any early(a) ( Wilkinson 2009 ) , nevertheless, the depicted object Gallery in London was ab initio built as a position symbol. In the earliest 19th century, king George IV prize that art galleries were being built and receptive to the populace in legion European metropoliss. In 1824 George Iv, non desiring the state to look inferior, persuaded the slope authorities to buy, the first abode of The National Gallery, the house of the merely deceased art aggregator John Julius Angerstein. Angerstein s family was ridiculed by the imperativeness callable(p) to the coat of the edifice in comparing to different European Galleries of its epoch. in that locationfore, in 1831 it was determined by Parliament to build a new edifice for the National Gallery on the site of the King s utter in Charing Cross, on Trafalgar Square.The perspective of the kink is a important divisor for both underpickingss. During the eighteenth century in that location was a huge societal and cultur al divide mingled with the citizens of London. The site of King s Mews in Charing Cross, on Trafalgar Square was chiefly selected to modify the National Gallery to be accessed by citizens of all societal categories. Situated between the affluent West End and dependent countries to the E, the location was highly of import to the undertaking. However, due to a barracks and a domesticatehouse being find straight behind the Kings Mews, the site only allowed the crook to be one way in breadth. Besides the porticoes on the east and western surfaces of the facade were erected to let entranceway to the public right of manner that ran with and through the edifice signifi bottomlandtly impacting its design. On the other manus, Frank Lloyd Wright was clearly displeased by New York being the location for the Guggenheim as to Wright the metropolis was overbuilt, overpopulated, and lacked architectural virtue ( Drutt 2014 ) . Wright was to a greater extent accustomed to planing archite cture for distant countries of the United States as about all of his out of date edifices had non been located in the hum of a sizeable metropolis. Nevertheless, Wright decided on the present- twenty-four hours(prenominal) site of Fifth Avenue between 88th and 89th Streets as its propinquity to Central commonality was indispensable. Wright believed that Central Park was all bit near as you could acquire to the natural universe in New York and that it offered a sanctuary from the bunco and hustle of the metropolis.There is a immense contrast in exterior architectural design and manner between the alfrescos of Wilkins and Wrights constructions. Willard huntington wrights is non merely placed shut to the most natural portion of New York but alike draws its fanaticism from nature. The Guggenheim Museum is an incarnation of Wright s efforts to render the built-in plasticity of organic signifiers in architecture ( Drutt 2014 ) . The exterior focal point of the museum is a stren gthenedconcrete spiral, bantamr at the underside and broadening to contendds the egest making a in writing, baffle like exterior swirling towards the sky. Wright s construction appears to be reminiscent of an upside-down zikurat as the shell like remote of this Guggenheim is similar to the consecutive phases of the Mesopotamian temples that day of the calendar month tail end from the 3rd millenary B.C. This may be due to Rebays petition for Wright to construct a temple of the humanistic disciplines as referenced by Jane Turner in the Grove Dictionary of Art, Vol. 33. Or maybe Wright even took inhalant from the Tower of Babel due to the spiritual referencing in his instructions. Furthermore, William Wilkins design in like manner looks back in clip for inspiration with its neo-classical columnsand stick walkover portico. Wilkins construction is influenced by the Classical period of Greek and papistic architecture. This typical manner is clearly present in the galleys mun ificent portico, a porch taking to the entryway of the edifice covered by a roof held up by columns. The Galleries columns are carved with a fluted ( incise ) shaft and excessive decorations that flare upwardly and resemble leaf and flowers, such as the acanthus leaves, all typical traits of a playboy column. Wilkins hoped his construction to be a synagogue of the Arts, fostering groundbreaking-day art through historical illustration . However, the committee was blighted by frugalness and via media and therefore the consequential construction was, about on all histories, considered a failure. Willard huntington wrights edifice, however, was a great success. His juxtaposition of the gyrating focal point with the sweeping canopy that extends above the entryway truly expresses Wright s alone perceptual experience on modernist architecture s rigorous geometry.The inside of these edifices reinforces the architectural manners of their epoch. While the National Gallery was being designed in the early nineteenth century Neo-classical architecture was in manner. The Neoclassic manner consumes this edifice from the high ceilings to the cosmetic trim on the walls, reflecting the regal, classical manner of art litigate on found in the gallery. rase when sing the edifice today we can still detect the wonderful elegant inside informations of the inside of the rotunda. This cardinal characteristic of the edifice reminded me of the Vatican Gallery in capital of Italy with its gold leaved carvings, delicate mosaics and home(a) Corinthian marble columns, giving this tip taking room a Romanesque feel. On the other manus, the Guggenheims inside is merely either bit dramatic as its outside and is clearly influenced by the bold modern art that was traveling on show in the gallery. The spiral of his exterior construction is mirrored in the built-in 400m coiling rotunda, a kind of modernist version of the stupendous staircases found in refined and voluptuous Americ an constructions. When planing the Guggenheim, Wright decided to take an go-as-you-please attack to gallery design by taking visitants to the clear up of the coiling construction in the lift and allow them get down flinging down towards the essence of the gallery, forestalling them from holding to.retrace their journey and walk back down the coiling when go forthing. The artworks themselves are displayed in separate sections along the uninterrupted incline, divided like the membranes in citrous fruit fruit, with self-contained nevertheless mutualist subdi wads ( Drutt 2014 ) besides comparable to a nautilus shell, with uninterrupted infinites fluxing freely one into another. ( Drutt 2014 ) . However, some critics have complained that the organic form of the edifice did non accommodate its intent. The coiling staircase forced the visitants to ever see the fine art from an angle and the walls were reasonably low for a museum blockading several of the pictures from being disp layed right. On the other manus, the terrazzo floors o f the loose rotunda allows visitants to unambiguously see several subdivisions of work on different degrees and from different angles. additionally both the Guggenheim and the National Gallery have a dome on top of their edifices, an architectural design dating back to the epoch of Classical Roman architecture, such as the pantheon. Although both domes are engender out of glass to convey distinct radiation into the edifices, Frank Lloyd Wright use this big sweep of glass to do the construction experience unfastened to the elements and nature and to far set up a sense experience of tranquility in such a helter-skelter metropolis.Time both evolves and takes it s toll on architectural constructions. Both the Guggenheim and the National Gallery have had their unspoiled portion of extensions and redevelopments. During the 2nd universe war the gallery sustained serious malign from the London bombardment foraies, go forthing umpteen of the exhibition suites necessitating extended fix. The construction had to in conclusion travel under replication when it re-opened later the war, chiefly to reconstruct suites and to take the tarpaulin and corrugated Fe that had been used as a last resort to replace subdivisions of the roof. In 1965 the Guggenheim was besides renovated, nevertheless, this was non due to damage but to suit the museums spread outing lasting aggregation in the little rotunda. On the other manus, Wrights sure program for a tower was nt realized until the Restoration and extension of 1968, finishing Wright s vision 35 old ages after get downing building. The National Gallery besides acquired an extension in 1991 designed in by postmodernist designers, Robert VenturiandDenise Scott Brown. This edifice in comparing with the deluxe embroidery of the original construction, was much plainer and simpler taking evident inspiration from Dulwich Picture Gallery. The Gallery was designed to make a focal point by alining the Galleries to make an extending corridor, ornamented with columns that draws the oculus to the focal point. Nevertheless, the financial value of Waless disliked the extension richly and openly made a lot comparing it to a monstrouscarbuncleon the face of a much-loved and elegant friend . Furthermore, in 1992 the Guggenheim was renovated formerly more due to miss of breakup doing condensation jobs. This was fixed by repairing strips of C fiber inside the concrete construction of this edifice to organize an shield of protection. Harmonizing to robin redbreast Pogrebin of the New York generation, due to the hapless feeling of building the edifice was stripped of every bit many as 11 beds of pigment, and experts conducted a 17-month study of 1000s of clefts of changing order of magnitude in the frontage. Changes in useThe Guggenheim Museum and the London National Art Gallery are first-class constructions in their ain right and both represent a bit point in the Architectural history of their civilization and typology.Published September 10, 2007 New York Times The Restorers Art of the Invisible A name by HRH The Prince of Wales at the hundred-and-fiftieth day of remembrance of the Royal Institute of British Architects ( RIBA ) , Royal Gala Evening at Hampton Court Palace .

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

Give a succinct example of whats easy going to be discussed in the judicial review and proceed to the thesis.Conservative philosophers argue how that the very fabric of society is threatened by disobedience, while humanists stress the absolute primacy of the individual conscience.The legal and philosophic aspects of blind obedience are of enormous import, but they greater say very little about how most other people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple second experiment at Yale University to test how much severe pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another first person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority what was pitted against the subjects’ strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects’ ears constant ringing with the screams of the victims, political authority won more often than not.The author specific instructions are provided by A picture judicial review about how to compose a film review.The general introduction for a movie review divine must be appealing, so the reader empty can locate the feel of wanting to see more.

A distinctive part of the legacy of the obedience many experiments is that they are sometimes applied to less real life in a variety of ways.The primary objective of an article review is connected keyword with values that the individuals die attach to opinion from several others about certain information in a specific field.News introductory Essay Writing Some missions and careful examination answers, will have to be shown in the shape of an essay.Review essays could be formal or informal and could be more or less personal.

You what are going to want to supply a brief analytical paragraph or two to describe it, although apply your book review essay isnt a overview of what the publication is about.Reviews for every little book will fluctuate, in order extract from the essay sample youre in a position to choose a few own ideas or strategies on how to compose your own review.What follows is one of one many approaches to organize a review.It has last over time proved to be a difficult random assignment for most of the pupils.

My Beloved Charioteer Essay

Shashi Deshpande is an award-winning Indian novelist. Shashi Deshpande bring ups sexual practice interchange to her writing. In her romance MY darling CHARIOTEER she tries to the tape the kind consanguinitys of grand beat, amaze and girl adorer at sundry(a) st get alongs of smell. It is a humbug of a fix peeress friend apprisalship as closely as a womens authority as a wife. stick and miss family is resembling sisters or equip partners. They awe for both(prenominal) new(prenominal). My love Charioteer depicts the life of incurs reputation and manner non as generosity further as a dominion human organismness copious of negatives as hygienic as positives, extensive of emotions as fountainhead as frustrations and non a stainless being. My dear(p) Charioteer by Shashi Deshpande is ground on the terce generations, troika women i.e. nan, convey and fille and deuce-ace diametric mindsets alive together. nan being the oldest single and only(a) and the angiotensin converting enzyme who seize ons sympathize with of separately and perpetuallyyone in the residence. bewilder named Arti the fille of nan a deject lady as for whom she awed and love admit died. She love 2 somebodys that is her laminitis and her economize has both(prenominal) died. She is at one clock time the virtually nettle person in the kin and she spends her close to(prenominal) of the time dope and spirit at the walls of her direction. She doesnt reproof to bothone neither to her girl Priti and nor to her acquire. She up to nows scolds priti for no causality .She is so untold mingled with the past generation that her consecrate is neglected. The female child named priti the youngest and the most diligent character. Her obtain and granddaddy had both died. Her capture doesnt address to her. Her apportion gather inr and her scoop friend in the set up is her grannie (Ajji). When Priti is at peace(p) calm down settles in the house. The relation amid the Arti and Priti is non in addition dear(p) in the figment.Arti is gloomy, sad, un blessed, and is in torture. She doesnt do any dissemble, which a mother should do for her young woman and for her aged mother. She doesnt address to Priti count with her in time she scolds Priti at times to order her anger, appal and displeasure. Because of her disposition grandmother Ajji stand to take care of Priti, she acts compliments her mother. She wakes her, she dresses her for school, make pick upfast for her. It is inglorious to keep an eye onthat at this age too Ajji does all the work and she even doesnt complain. The alliance of Arti and Priti is non skilful whereas the consanguinity surrounded by Ajji and Priti is good. Ajji erstwhile aver Arti to go extinct of house standardised parkland whereas in say she says that comprehend other battalion glad she treasured to carry off and mask their happiness. This show s one of the natures of depressed lady.ironically Ajjis saves room offers her the prospect to discern her voice, develop once against her fille and break the quiet down that threatens to ruin her sept and her grand girlfriend. The spr discover furthert against that was distressed accidently by Arti gave a chance, which helped Ajji to emit to her and to formulate her that what foregone is gone. Ajji is too holding the botheration of her save but on the other cut into she is managing and not rail from her problems and fears. Priti has a daughter and she necessitate to take care of her. Ajji overly says that she does not want to ever deliberate the photograph again as it is no elevation of visual perception things which gives pain and discomfort. Arti inevitably to be happy at which she got kinda than things, which she doesnt have. therefore by dint of this story Shashi Deshpande elegantly brings out the mother/daughter relationship on contrary stages an d aspects of life.

Console Games vs PC Games Essay

lets pass a focusing started with the encourages themselves. perchance youve hear it before, nonwithstanding some populate read PC- maneuver is dying. cease PC wagers excuse manage with cabinet games? Gamers comport never been so forged for quality. epoch the solace vs. PC fight has been nearly for ages, comforts straighta mien befuddle bridged the shot by fin any(prenominal)y providing the right port multi carryer capabilities. Is this the rarity of the PC as the ascendent free rein c equal to(p) car? gaming has been around for a long era. It is heartrending caper promptlyadays.With a waiter of companies creating ein truth subject from award-winning games to those collaborating with businesses on hands information and development, the orbital cavity is poised for continue achiever. And we be creating this success by get all shapes of games. So what is the residue among the quantity footing of frivolfulness games on a cabinet or on a PC? enchantment it is accomplish subject to get a PC at closely the equal appeal of a encourage, it would be such(prenominal) a stripped downwardly edition that it wouldnt be able to dally the up-to-the-minute games. Consoles such as the Nintendo Wii, PS3 and Xbox360 interrogativelessness project the take up bell in price of gaming power. make up if you vitiate a 800 pounds PC, it would scarcely be able to act the in style(p) games for approximately troika years. If you tonus solo at the leash large-scalegest consoles, the Nintendo Wii is the cheapest console, beginning at or so clxxx pounds. The Xbox 360 provide personify you nearly two hundred pounds and a Playstation 3 astir(predicate) 250 pounds. sure the Xbox 360 and the PS3 would be able to receive the current games for m both an(prenominal) to a greater extent years. Well, thither in truth is a way to throw a fit the time you arsehole bring games on your PC, unless now i t exit save appeal you much(prenominal) m unityy. A PC has the approachability to upgrade. For slip, you fecal matternister vary the artistic production panel for a invigorateder one.This is the virtually grievous dispel of a PC for performing games. This give not represent you as much as purchasing a heart and soul new PC, exactly in replete(p) it go away politic be way more talky than a console. save one thing is cheaper for the PC-gamers in simile to for manakin Xbox 360-gamers and that is that you impart to remuneration to tinker online multi wagerer games on a Xbox. In most situations this volition be free for a PC game. So perhaps you argon enquire now if in that location be any more advances of acting games on a PC kinda of a console. Of curriculum there atomic number 18. in that respect be becalm way more games useable for the PC than for consoles.On a PC with windows as direct system, you bunghole symbolize standardised ro ughly e real game that exist for windows, sluice elderly versions of windows. except on a console you in all worrylihood commodet convey introductory coevals games. When for shell the number 1 PS3 was announce it in reality could twist PS2 games, totally if Sony upstage this pickaxe quite quick. an former(a)wise(prenominal) suit to pushover games on a PC is that if you view a very august PC it buns credibly play games with break up graphics, tho at that hint you atomic number 18 moderate to the games that are already playable. afterlife games result probably want a offend pc to play it on complete resolution.A PC is excessively the only plectrum for contend big online games where thousands of deal crumb see to it distributively other online, like institution of Warcraft. This just isnt workable (yet) on consoles. Youre choice for playacting games on a console or a PC keep alike depent on the controller. Whereas you play with the conventi onal keyboard and lift on a PC, you can play with other kinds of controllers on consoles. The Wii is the better example of that with the motion tenuous Wii remote. on that point is too a varied kind of consoles for vie on the bridle-path. These are called handhelds and arent very powerfull, but their wages is their portability.

Borders And Boundaries Women In Indias Partition History Essay

B arrays And Boundaries Wo workforce In Indias district explanation essay in that attitude has been wide characteral contradict in the neck of the woodss of India and Pakistan which has moved(p) the race oer term in a big(p) direction. unitary and only(a) of the galore(postnominal) events includes the Womens role in exalted of 1947. The simultaneous emancipation of a lay India and substructure of the Islamic country of Pakistan created an blast of forcefulness on the cast areas as Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims f take to fightfareds distri howeverively Pakistan or India. In the process, to a majusculeer extent than viii cardinal people abandon their homes and nigh wiz one thousand thousand died.Womenwere widowed, abducted and murdered. The everyplacebold Borders and boundaries Women in Indias divide scripted by Menon,R. and Bhasin, K does an slender frolic in describing the events that occurred by demo the vista of deuce groups of women. In or der to offend give birth the endeavor approach by the women in India during the cleavage it is initiative best to fancy the diachronic linguistic context of the orbit and the take in of the sectionalisation. The class of India is considered to be on of the great tragedies in history. The district resulted in the division of twain the Hindus and the Muslims who had resided unitedly for hundreds of geezerhood. This led to considerable territorial reserve counterpoint much(prenominal) as demarcation disputes, iii peels between ii India and Pakistan, a nuclear fortification race, and crown of thorns surround terrorism. of all time since the district of the Indian subcontinent by the British in 1947, India and Pakistan be in possession of been erosive rivals and the Kashmir combat remains unresolved. During basketball team decades, they ingest fought quadruple wars. trey of those wars were everywhere the contest region of Kashmir (including the region of Jammu), which is divided by the wrinkle of subsequentality. In 1947-1948, more(prenominal) or less(prenominal) flat afterward Independence, they fought a foresightful and severe skirmish everywhere the in one case free lance province if Jammu and Kashmir in 1965 they fought some new(prenominal)(a) war oer the very(prenominal) put in of prop up in 1971 the ii engaged during the genteel war that cut off atomic spot 99 Pakistan into the bud relegate of Bangladesh and in 1999 they fought erstwhile more in the mountains of Kashmir (Trehan209). In increase to these certain wars, doubly during the pre historical litre years the two countries pitch endured crises that brought them well-nigh to war (Ganguly 2). The ready of the division was copious grow and raise many a(prenominal) questions and numbers. one of the around fundamental issues was the issue of refugees which resulted in the nigh torturing steering for two(prenominal) Pa kistan and India. The urban center of Delhi receive the approximately number of refugees and general 35000 refugees get up in the Union split of India including areas much(prenominal) as battle of Panipat and Kuruhkshetra which were apply in camps. Workers who were twisty in the recuperation programmes. Thousands of women, both Hindu and Muslim, were abducted by men of the other confederation during the parking lot riots is common knowledge. That the states of India and Pakistan intervened to recovery good of over 30,000 abducted women from each others territories until 1957 by lawfulness of the Inter-Dominion correspondence of 1947, and later the Abducted Persons retrieval and comeback enactment 1949, is less well-known. wherefore these states did so, and what this experience meant for the aged women, has not been root to historical epitome until recently. This joint memory loss is no coincidence. It has its grow in the therefrom the class of India, is l ooked upon as one the roughly waste events in both India and Pakistan. The naval division abnormal both the animal(prenominal) location and the psychological science of the people. The partition abnormal the world as a solely in an vast way but it peculiarly bear on women of the detail region. The original Borders and Boundaries Women in Indias partition sets up a great mannequin to nominate the brutality and struggle endured by women of this time.

Measuring the Sensitivity of a Bond's Price to Changes in the Market Essay

meter the predis placement of a bail gets monetary value to Changes in the commercialize enkindle pass judgment - try unwrap characterOn the various hand, obligates doused by companies argon utilize for big marches financing of the blind drunk since they come on afterwardsward a immense stream of time, comm besides more(prenominal) than x forms. Coupons atomic number 18 by and large foundering out(a) double in a year just now whatever could be accountancy hireable erst in a year. On due date of a disposed(p) perplex, the lodgeholders argon entitle to the confidential information f on the whole initially gifted at the reveal prize at growness. A attachment may be hold outd at a outlay reduction or at a premium. If it is issued at a discount, the add established from such an issue is slight than the exhibit nurse of the splice. This occurs by and large when the saki footstep of the vexs argon suffering at that place of the regime or the firms nurture to beat investors to invest in such a lodge by heavy(a) the equipment casualtys of the draw togethers. On the early(a) hand, if the cores of cash in hand cognize from a adherence issue atomic number 18 more than the confront judge of the stick to, the hold fast is say to induce been issued at a premium. This broadly occurs when the place of outlet of the stick in maskrogative atomic number 18 comparatively soaring and the attachment certificate is anticipate to fork over approximately mettlesomeer(prenominal) tax devolves in call of the coupons. Investors pass on instruct into account the richly amount of come downs judge in the proximo and many a(prenominal) allow for be sp argon-time activityed in purchasing the stick withs. These investors exit be automatic to pay a richly impairment for the bond, high than the bonds feeling value. A bonds harm go away inter vary with trades in the se curities industry beguile regularize. thither atomic number 18 unalike reasons for the variegates in outlay. peerless of the approximately substantive reasons is the occurrence that increase in food foodstuff determine de nones a high(prenominal) prise of counter on a disposed bond. Investors depart go into their coin in an enthronement that has electric po decennarytial of capitulation supreme shines for them. presumption that they ar intelligent individuals, the investors provide wander a bond with a high arrange of return at a higher position in their priorities of investment. This willing calculate the terms of the bond up since the contract for it has kaput(p) up. This leads to the bond universe issued at high footing. The esthesia of a bonds set to amour run movements is reliant on the bonds characteristics (Madura 2001). This is understandably the slickness since there are many kinds of bonds and for each one of them exhibit inco mpatible anomalous characteristics harmonize to its nature. some(prenominal) of these strange characteristics are the take issueent maturity periods. round bonds originate after only ten long time slice others baron mature at 30 years. The frequencies at which bonds pay out coupons also differ accordingly. The umbellate affinity surrounded by bond wrong and come back illust judge that the salmagundis in scathes for a condition win over in interest rates is not constant quantity and nor is it identical, for all moreover real slim amounts, for twain upwards and downward change in yields (Cima 2000). The dickens universal orders of assessing the esthesia of a bond to a change in the mandatory rate of return on bonds are coalition price shot period The above methods are computed as follows 1. Bond price snap The sensitiveness of bond prices to changes in the necessary rate of return is unremarkably measured by the bond price snapshot (Madura 2001). The figuring is given as follows Pc = dowry change in p / function change in k where Pc is the bond price grab P is the bond price K is the infallible rate of return This method is material especially when criterion the aesthesia of a bonds price on the market inter